Ablation yield and angular distribution of ablated particles from laser-irradiated metals: The most fundamental determining factor

Five metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Ti, and Mo) were irradiated with 150 shots of a Q-switched Nd:YAG pulsed laser in a vacuum of 10⁻³ torr. The ions projected out of the laser-produced plasma (LPP) plume were detected by CR-39 detectors positioned at −15°, 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° with respect to the target-surface normal at a distance of 5 cm from the target in each case. The angular distribution of LPP ions, which is characterized by the exponent n of cosⁿ θ distribution, is given by n = 2.5-11 for the five target metals. The value of the exponent n has no systematic correlation with the square-root of atomic mass of the target metals but exhibits systematic dependence on the room temperature Debye-Waller's thermal parameter B or the mean-square amplitude of atomic vibrations 〈u²〉. Likewise, the ablation yield (atoms/shot) of the twelve target metals investigated by Thestrup et al. (2002) [8] under identical irradiation conditions is a function of the room temperature B-factor or 〈u²〉.     

抑制损伤发展的CO_2激光修复技术及机理研究

熔石英表面激光损伤发展问题一直制约着激光器的运行通量。采用CO2激光在线熔融修复损伤点,修复后形成一个光滑的高斯坑,去除了损伤点中的裂纹,平滑了凹凸不平的表面,并且在紫外脉冲激光作用下,修复斑再次产生损伤的阈值高于熔石英元件的损伤生长阈值。因此CO2熔融修复技术能有效地抑制损伤发展。通过分析CO2激光作用下熔石英表面的温度分布,讨论修复坑的形成过程,确定激光参数对修复效果的影响,为寻找最佳修复参数提供理论基础。同时利用原子力显微镜(AFM)、轮廓仪细致分析损伤点和修复斑的微细结构,采用有限差分时域方法计算损伤点和修复斑周围的光强分布,探索消除裂纹和平滑表面对抑制损伤生长的作用。     

腔内倍频调Q激光器中脉冲光场的时间不稳定性研究

以腔内倍频调Q激光器工作原理为基础,研究了多种形式抽运光分布的情况下倍频光的脉冲形状以及脉冲持续过程中光场分布的时间不稳定性,分析了倍频光光束质量随时间的变化规律.发现腔内倍频调Q激光器输出的倍频光光场分布在脉冲的持续过程中并不稳定,呈持续变化.对高斯型抽运的情况研究发现,减小腔长会使脉冲光场分布的不稳定性减小;而增加...     

近场强度分布对线性相位反演算法复原效果的影响

利用数值仿真的方法详细的分析了近场强度分布对线性相位反演算法复原效果的影响.对近场强度分布分别为倾斜、环形和高斯随机型的情况下的复原结果与光强均匀时的复原结果进行对比,结果表明像倾斜型这种大部分为奇函数的近场强度分布对复原效果的影响比较恶劣;而像环形、随机型这样的偶函数或大部分为偶函数的近场强度分布对复原效果的影响则不...     

Arbitrary amplitude dust-acoustic solitary waves in a dusty plasma with flat-topped ion distribution

The properties of arbitrary amplitude dust-acoustic (DA) solitary waves (SWs) in a dusty plasma containing warm adiabatic dust fluid, isothermal electrons and ions following flat-topped velocity distribution is studied by the pseudo-potential approach. The effects of dust temperature and flat-trapped ions are found to significantly modify the basic features of DA-SWs as well modify the parametric regime for the existence of rarefactive solitary waves. The pseudo-potential for small amplitude limit is also analytically analyzed, and the numerical results are found to agree with analytical results.     

Step-shape angular spin distribution in layered systems by Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy: A general treatment

In the so-called ‘step-shape’ angular spin distribution model for layered systems, the non-collinear directions of the atomic magnetic moments are confined to the film plane and form a homogeneous fan spanning inside an (in-plane) angular interval Δφ centered at an angle φ₀. A general approach for deriving the two parameters φ₀ and Δφ via ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements is discussed. The analysis extends our previously reported treatment, which assumed that the angular aperture Δφ develops symmetrically versus a fixed direction φ₀ (e.g., the in-plane easy axis of magnetization) oriented either along or perpendicular to the in-plane projection of the Mössbauer γ-ray direction. The proposed approach is also applicable for those cases when not only the spin aperture Δφ is changing but also the aperture center φ₀ is rotating under the influence of different external parameters, such as applied field, temperature, stress, etc. The method is suitable for applications to nanoscale layered heterostructures with in-plane uniaxial or unidirectional magnetic anisotropy. The method is applied to experimental data obtained on a 2-nm thick defected Fe layer with in-plane magnetic texture.     

Fissility effects on evaporation residue spin distributions

Based on a dynamical Langevin equation coupled with a statistical decay model, we calculate the spin distribution of evaporation residue cross sections of nuclei ¹⁹⁰Os and ²¹⁰Po which have the same neutron-to-proton ratio N/Z$N/Z$ but have a difference in fissility. We find that a large fissility enhances the sensitivity of the residue spin distribution to pre-saddle friction substantially. The results suggest that on the experimental side, to obtain accurate information of pre-saddle dissipation strength by measuring the evaporation residue spin distribution it is optimal to populate among various compound systems with equal N/Z$N/Z$ those with high fissility.     

Complex networks: Effect of subtle changes in nature of randomness

In two different classes of network models, namely, the Watts Strogatz type and the Euclidean type, subtle changes have been introduced in the randomness. In the Watts Strogatz type network, rewiring has been done in different ways and although the qualitative results remain the same, finite differences in the exponents are observed. In the Euclidean type networks, where at least one finite phase transition occurs, two models differing in a similar way have been considered. The results show a possible shift in one of the phase transition points but no change in the values of the exponents. The WS and Euclidean type models are equivalent for extreme values of the parameters; we compare their behaviour for intermediate values.     

A local-world heterogeneous model of wireless sensor networks with node and link diversity

In this paper, we present a novel local-world model of wireless sensor networks (WSN) with two kinds of nodes: sensor nodes and sink nodes, which is different from other models with identical nodes and links. The model balances energy consumption by limiting the connectivity of sink nodes to prolong the life of the network. How the proportion of sink nodes, different energy distribution and the local-world scale would affect the topological structure and network performance are investigated. We find that, using mean-field theory, the degree distribution is obtained as an integral with respect to the proportion of sink nodes and energy distribution. We also show that, the model exhibits a mixed connectivity correlation which is greatly distinct from general networks. Moreover, from the perspective of the efficiency and the average hops for data processing, we find some suitable range of the proportion p of sink nodes would make the network model have optimal performance for data processing.